Rust: Cargo SSL Link Error - Missing Symbols
I decided to record the steps I took to solve the issue I found when on my app with the rust openssl crate
the issue I faced was not because of the openssl crate but because of boring-ssl
while developing a side project I required some depenecies, the dependencies in intrust are jwt-simple, and reqwest
while developing everything worked fine, my app was build successfully (didn’t test release build) and no issues, I needed to delete my /target file that cargo creates, then after coming back to continue development of the project I faced this scary error
sh code snippet start
error: linking with `cc` failed: exit status: 1
|
= note: "cc" "-m64" "/tmp/rustcNgwz7Z/symbols.o" "<257 object files omitted>" "-Wl,--as-needed" "-Wl,-Bstatic" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/{libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib,libhyper_rustls-38c71fbb2ae7226b.rlib,libwebpki_roots-4ea30a36b53553ff.rlib,libhyper_tls-a8996c8366e4fb2f.rlib,libtokio_native_tls-8590f29621b5f38a.rlib,libtokio_rustls-265509ff9a8ea7c4.rlib,librustls-52a9227633b19b31.rlib,libwebpki-2ba169a91f4a3113.rlib,libring-a0f7730f9e5b0e80.rlib,libuntrusted-402d8a5e7cbaa4ac.rlib,librustls_pki_types-be637176d38951e4.rlib,libtower_http-c2210fee92b324a3.rlib,libiri_string-355aca6384b25e9d.rlib,libtower-0ce30d02906b788b.rlib,libtower_layer-fb970fc424bc056b.rlib,libnative_tls-c42d77644da71268.rlib,libopenssl_probe-8baf43b58e99bc70.rlib,libopenssl-827ad20070375750.rlib,libforeign_types-7c7ea7131617a363.rlib,libforeign_types_shared-025187099289953f.rlib,libopenssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.rlib,libhyper_util-ccde6af741f392f1.rlib,libipnet-b03a910fd36c6cba.rlib,libtower_service-0909c2a9c1d80fc0.rlib,libhyper-6551349e41e69f3c.rlib,libwant-2dea3ef5eeab5bd0.rlib,libtry_lock-6aa4eb608e84327f.rlib,libh2-75b574619c7a3369.rlib,libatomic_waker-043576979f9c2dc4.rlib,libhttp_body_util-2b6bace2a88080e6.rlib,libhttp_body-1b42d18f82512790.rlib,libhttp-fd08e5b85a6d3a91.rlib,libsync_wrapper-8cf9d0350cac2bc9.rlib,libjwt_simple-524da661a6889566.rlib,libblake2b_simd-f9d2d505572d0fde.rlib,libconstant_time_eq-d143995f49aecef3.rlib,libarrayvec-09139da729dfc177.rlib,libarrayref-ac36cf551a6d851d.rlib,libed25519_compact-0ecee17e8ef60309.rlib,libthiserror-47f1cd7ed5db0e9f.rlib,libanyhow-b53629dca006cee2.rlib,libcoarsetime-310a9196fcdf8574.rlib,libboring-d8fef3c238fe008a.rlib,libboring_sys-b14ad774783856a9.rlib,libforeign_types-0743590fd106859c.rlib,libforeign_types_shared-d0cbc1603ae7d22c.rlib,librand-67baf06dade32f14.rlib,librand_chacha-b1a7ba6bf9d66069.rlib,libhmac_sha512-2a9e3f52cea8965e.rlib,libp384-c33d423f8fe451ab.rlib,libk256-cd6c89187f3436ee.rlib,libp256-77aa78332d0a9ff0.rlib,libecdsa-a81793ba0e834184.rlib,librfc6979-b8cf9fad74638752.rlib,libsignature-4025cf40abab64c3.rlib,libprimeorder-4b30437f453c6644.rlib,libelliptic_curve-73de8317dfd9d14d.rlib,libsec1-3bd67ed138943a6f.rlib,libpkcs8-5864790d74855332.rlib,libspki-ed75969546024aad.rlib,libder-cca3923caf03244f.rlib,libpem_rfc7468-aebf52c8a09d5268.rlib,libbase64ct-a1659e7429f55600.rlib,libhkdf-0f7bdc01f58182bc.rlib,libcrypto_bigint-7831d00bdb927a20.rlib,libbase16ct-c39159fdcb62dd4a.rlib,libgroup-58ca52d6bef0091f.rlib,libff-8f29be1d84db6e1d.rlib,librand_core-222566b72b203aa0.rlib,libgetrandom-e6b928f00ca66d6e.rlib,libhmac_sha256-14a60d35bb2c2df9.rlib,libhmac_sha1_compact-ef28f7b57d65f59f.rlib,libct_codecs-1e6b0d67bea137c1.rlib,libdeadpool_postgres-29f9744a43ae4435.rlib,libdeadpool-6aaadfffac6d32b7.rlib,libnum_cpus-d1c605f14a60f173.rlib,liblazy_static-56fe2bd04ed1ed5a.rlib,libdeadpool_runtime-1058d11dfead7138.rlib,libtokio_postgres-5717346428ad9d02.rlib,libphf-227aef2fa9fe199d.rlib,libphf_shared-d3a5b381b740fb35.rlib,libsiphasher-d737ba0dfb65bc63.rlib,libwhoami-ff1e2654d50c70ef.rlib,libfutures_channel-6c917ebfef4960e9.rlib,libpostgres_types-5a7195a67dc4be4f.rlib,libuuid-322bf4abb61c6e4e.rlib,libpostgres_protocol-fcde709ede0728b1.rlib,libstringprep-e908220529961a7e.rlib,libunicode_properties-697455cd98d8f134.rlib,libunicode_normalization-92237764167864bd.rlib,libtinyvec-a96d1d3ed50e70c2.rlib,libtinyvec_macros-70acbbddddceb387.rlib,libunicode_bidi-c1f63059c8114eae.rlib,libsha2-2e148a88199905ae.rlib,libhmac-732869ab95093120.rlib,libmd5-0bdb1b51ef282b54.rlib,libbyteorder-fcc84cb3db99adfd.rlib,libfallible_iterator-07170b732f9e4770.rlib,libactix_web-8a4deddc5a0fce05.rlib,libimpl_more-864d6011652ab15c.rlib,liburl-36461ef058ac20ab.rlib,libidna-7caf2da2fca767cc.rlib,libutf8_iter-1646c222d18795bc.rlib,libidna_adapter-c392f9b653cce14d.rlib,libicu_properties-ce7dccd3193986c2.rlib,libicu_properties_data-26d6bc399092fe94.rlib,libicu_normalizer-e6dac635e657bd70.rlib,libicu_normalizer_data-10d4466f9c43328a.rlib,libicu_collections-a4e47468fd536f78.rlib,libpotential_utf-fcc38c5ff2a1341a.rlib,libicu_provider-f00820e2b62fe07d.rlib,libicu_locale_core-c75c4b2bd9be9877.rlib,libtinystr-ec5a5ce171ced7b0.rlib,liblitemap-f02678973ab870c3.rlib,libwriteable-8c24c1369e214f0e.rlib,libzerovec-165dd62edf37af76.rlib,libzerotrie-5c0726b103f82b4e.rlib,libyoke-eb6565aca7dd7cdf.rlib,libstable_deref_trait-483df2b595801479.rlib,libzerofrom-9e9848968fc6a055.rlib,libserde_urlencoded-16284a92c515815a.rlib,libform_urlencoded-a92d36b6abbbbe5d.rlib,libserde_json-54ada2320212bd5e.rlib,libryu-be08ec97f016dca5.rlib,libactix_server-dcb0de8f401aeaf5.rlib,libsocket2-2ff9e7e06bd3f34e.rlib,libactix_router-c7ea9cc506db4c55.rlib,libregex-c4b836e72d8b583f.rlib,libregex_automata-a42acf8addad3d41.rlib,libaho_corasick-139d85adfb7963e6.rlib,libregex_syntax-38544bba31373860.rlib,libserde-6195ac3f4fba5d2b.rlib,libserde_core-4fbce2b8a260e33e.rlib,libcookie-f88de0c506c41c44.rlib,libtime-dc739e5343f54314.rlib,libtime_core-ed3df36c8ddaec0b.rlib,libnum_conv-32d6eac4a4ee2854.rlib,libderanged-cb7884355d42d739.rlib,libpowerfmt-d1ada82b8dc0c2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"<sysroot>/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/{libstd-*,libpanic_unwind-*,libobject-*,libmemchr-*,libaddr2line-*,libgimli-*,librustc_demangle-*,libstd_detect-*,libhashbrown-*,librustc_std_workspace_alloc-*,libminiz_oxide-*,libadler2-*,libunwind-*,libcfg_if-*,liblibc-*,liballoc-*,librustc_std_workspace_core-*,libcore-*,libcompiler_builtins-*}.rlib" "-Wl,-Bdynamic" "-lssl" "-lcrypto" "-lstdc++" "-lgcc_s" "-lutil" "-lrt" "-lpthread" "-lm" "-ldl" "-lc" "-Wl,--eh-frame-hdr" "-Wl,-z,noexecstack" "-L" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/zstd-sys-34e89b33f47616e8/out" "-L" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/crypto/" "-L" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/ssl/" "-L" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/" "-L" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build" "-L" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/ring-8b1bb3bff1be2c73/out" "-L" "<sysroot>/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib" "-o" "/home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/breaking_rooster-61de4d2194351271" "-Wl,--gc-sections" "-pie" "-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now" "-nodefaultlibs"
= note: some arguments are omitted. use `--verbose` to show all linker arguments
= note: /usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib(reqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.reqwest.c4ace1a50d6286c8-cgu.04.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslStream<S>::ssl_read_uninit':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:3795:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl18SslStream$LT$S$GT$15ssl_read_uninit17h5a76f670e5f0b1a9E+0x7b): undefined reference to `SSL_read_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib(reqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.reqwest.c4ace1a50d6286c8-cgu.04.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslStream<S>::ssl_read_uninit':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:3795:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl18SslStream$LT$S$GT$15ssl_read_uninit17h85168dc4145e7129E+0x7b): undefined reference to `SSL_read_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib(reqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.reqwest.c4ace1a50d6286c8-cgu.04.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslStream<S>::ssl_read_uninit':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:3795:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl18SslStream$LT$S$GT$15ssl_read_uninit17hf7ee3e2cbc3e3022E+0x7b): undefined reference to `SSL_read_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib(reqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.reqwest.c4ace1a50d6286c8-cgu.04.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslStream<S>::ssl_write':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:3836:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl18SslStream$LT$S$GT$9ssl_write17h1d6d676c1dbf5cc9E+0x7b): undefined reference to `SSL_write_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib(reqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.reqwest.c4ace1a50d6286c8-cgu.04.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslStream<S>::ssl_write':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:3836:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl18SslStream$LT$S$GT$9ssl_write17h7763fc36642dbfaeE+0x7b): undefined reference to `SSL_write_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libreqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.rlib(reqwest-e4561bd8f02149cc.reqwest.c4ace1a50d6286c8-cgu.04.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslStream<S>::ssl_write':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:3836:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl18SslStream$LT$S$GT$9ssl_write17hd7e75c8911d385c9E+0x7b): undefined reference to `SSL_write_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl-827ad20070375750.rlib(openssl-827ad20070375750.openssl.cbda864fcea19a7c-cgu.01.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::ssl::SslRef::peer_certificate':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/ssl/mod.rs:2568:(.text._ZN7openssl3ssl6SslRef16peer_certificate17h9d8c65b38567ec04E+0x18): undefined reference to `SSL_get1_peer_certificate'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl-827ad20070375750.rlib(openssl-827ad20070375750.openssl.cbda864fcea19a7c-cgu.06.rcgu.o): in function `openssl::error::Error::get':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-0.10.74/src/error.rs:122:(.text._ZN7openssl5error5Error3get17hefb2bd422f4712c3E+0x5d): undefined reference to `ERR_get_error_all'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.rlib(openssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.openssl_sys.2b718429cf7fa2df-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `openssl_sys::openssl::ssl::SSL_CTX_set_mode':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-sys-0.9.110/src/./ssl.rs:242:(.text._ZN11openssl_sys7openssl3ssl16SSL_CTX_set_mode17hc8f84054178188baE+0x1c): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_ctrl'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.rlib(openssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.openssl_sys.2b718429cf7fa2df-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `openssl_sys::openssl::ssl::SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-sys-0.9.110/src/./ssl.rs:398:(.text._ZN11openssl_sys7openssl3ssl28SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert17hc3b0bcd7c2118600E+0x1c): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_ctrl'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.rlib(openssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.openssl_sys.2b718429cf7fa2df-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `openssl_sys::openssl::tls1::SSL_set_tlsext_host_name':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-sys-0.9.110/src/./tls1.rs:23:(.text._ZN11openssl_sys7openssl4tls124SSL_set_tlsext_host_name17hfa994417aadafcfbE+0x1c): undefined reference to `SSL_ctrl'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.rlib(openssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.openssl_sys.2b718429cf7fa2df-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `openssl_sys::openssl::ssl::SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-sys-0.9.110/src/./ssl.rs:482:(.text._ZN11openssl_sys7openssl3ssl29SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version17hebd0a219adf46983E+0x1b): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_ctrl'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/.../breaking-rooster/target/debug/deps/libopenssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.rlib(openssl_sys-59717dad66b68f79.openssl_sys.2b718429cf7fa2df-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `openssl_sys::openssl::ssl::SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version':
/home/dsal3389/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/openssl-sys-0.9.110/src/./ssl.rs:491:(.text._ZN11openssl_sys7openssl3ssl29SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version17h8f6ab41d586ca52cE+0x1b): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_ctrl'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
= note: some `extern` functions couldn't be found; some native libraries may need to be installed or have their path specified
= note: use the `-l` flag to specify native libraries to link
= note: use the `cargo:rustc-link-lib` directive to specify the native libraries to link with Cargo (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html#rustc-link-lib)
warning: `breaking-rooster` (bin "breaking-rooster") generated 9 warnings
error: could not compile `breaking-rooster` (bin "breaking-rooster") due to 1 previous error; 9 warnings emittedsh code snippet end
a linkage error, recenetly I updated my system, maybe libssl was also update with BREAKING CHANGES? doesn’t make sense, but I checked
it anyway, no, no breaking changes were introduced in recent libssl
looking for the issue source
I checked my libssl.so for some of the missing signatures, and it looked like it does exists in my libssl.so
sh code snippet start
>>> nm -D libssl.so | grep -E "(SSL_read_ex|SSL_write_ex)"
0000000000027ab0 T SSL_read_ex@@OPENSSL_3.0.0
0000000000028220 T SSL_write_ex@@OPENSSL_3.0.0
0000000000028200 T SSL_write_ex2@@OPENSSL_3.3.0sh code snippet end
so my libssl.so file is fine, it should build like last time,
I really wasn’t sure what happened, I didn’t touch the project, one of rust features
is if you compile it once it will be compiled every time (unlike javascript projects ehm ehm)
I started looking into the openssl crate maybe some new commits in their build.rs broke in the linkage, that wasn’t it
I decided to run the build command with -vv
-v, –verbose… Use verbose output (-vv very verbose/build.rs output)
so I executed
code snippet start
>>> cargo build --vv | tee build.outputcode snippet end
and started to diagnose the build.output file for the "openssl" string, to see the crate build message and I found
code snippet start
[openssl-sys 0.9.110] cargo:rustc-link-lib=ssl
[openssl-sys 0.9.110] cargo:rustc-link-lib=cryptocode snippet end
nothing weird here, this is a way to tell rustc to link a given library, it what expect from the openssl crate,
and then in the build.output file I looked for just "ssl" string, I saw a lot of messages coming from some weird crate called boring-sys
code snippet start
<snip>
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-search=native=/home/dsal3389/programming/breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-lib=stdc++
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=crypto
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=ssl
<snip>code snippet end
I started to investigate this crate build messages and… I saw it… the source of the issue, this boring-sys crate
is building a different ssl library and it is found in a higher priority directory
code snippet start
<snip>
[boring-sys 4.19.0] [ 98%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/ssl.dir/src/ssl/tls13_server.cc.o
[boring-sys 4.19.0] [ 98%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/ssl.dir/src/ssl/tls_method.cc.o
[boring-sys 4.19.0] [ 98%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/ssl.dir/src/ssl/tls_record.cc.o
[boring-sys 4.19.0] [100%] Linking CXX static library libssl.a
[boring-sys 4.19.0] [100%] Built target ssl
<snip>
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-search=native=/home/dsal3389/programming/breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/crypto/
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-search=native=/home/dsal3389/programming/breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/ssl/
<snip>
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-search=native=/home/dsal3389/programming/breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/crypto/
[boring-sys 4.19.0] cargo:rustc-link-search=native=/home/dsal3389/programming/breaking-rooster/target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build/ssl/code snippet end
that means if ill check that build ssl file, I will find that it doesn’t contain the signatures that are missing
for the openssl crate
code snippet start
>>> cd target/debug/build/boring-sys-4d87a7c529c387fd/out/build
>>> nm libssl.a | grep -E "(SSL_read_ex|SSL_write_ex)"code snippet end
no output, which means, this boring-sys which overwrite my system ssl library for the linker
is the cause of the issue, now the question is who intruduced this boring-sys crate?
after a quick search in Cargo.lock turns out it was the jwt-simple crate, luckly someone before me already faced it or the maintainer just knew it
and he had a section to resolve those boring conflicts
As a temporary workaround for portability issues with one of the dependencies (the boring crate), this library can be compiled to use only Rust implementations. In order to do so, import the crate with default-features = false, features = [“pure-rust”] in your Cargo configuration.